Translation of Political and EU Texts

The course’s aim is twofold: It seeks to introduce students to the language of politics, the characteristics of speeches, the art of rhetoric and spin, the party manifestos, slogans and posters as well as various types of propaganda writing, varying from texts produced by international institutions, political parties and governments, to texts produced by companies and journalists. It also seeks to introduce students to the translation of EU texts and in particular economic and political EU texts. This involves an introduction to the nooks and crannies of the European edifice as well as the idiosyncracies of EU texts. Emphasis is given on the linguistic equality of EU texts and their subsequent surface similarity and ‘hybridity’. Students learn how to produce texts which not only conform to Target Readership expectations and are terminologically accurate, but which are also in line with the EU Institutions demands and guidelines. As a result, students become effective users of the phraseology, expression terminology and idiolect of EU texts (reference to the Interinstitutional Style Guide, the Style Guide for Greek, the instructions for translating WEB texts, etc.). They learn how to cope with the socio-political EU context and at the same time meet the market demand for highly-competent translators of EU texts. Furthermore, students are introduced to the specificities of political texts through familiarisation with political speeches and propaganda texts. Students learn to deal effectively with the features of political rhetoric, such as metonymy, metaphor, analogy, repetition, antithesis, expressiveness, inertextuality and vocative elements commonly present in political texts. As a result, students become effective users of the phraseology, expression terminology and idiolect of EU political texts. They learn how to cope with the socio-political EU context and at the same time conform to the specific requirements of the EU Institutions.

Upon completion of the course, students will be able to:

• understand the idiosyncracies of political texts, the specificities of political speeches, manifestos and political campaigns, the importance of semiotics, the role of colours, paralinguistic features and idiolect
• understand the vocative function of political texts and the challenges their translation poses depending on the intended function of the target text
• translate political texts for different functions, adapt images, music and other extralinguistic features as required
• understand the European construction and the wider socio-political context in which EU texts are produced
• distinguish the different genres and specific features of EU texts (e.g., linguistic equality, surface similarity, hybridity, intertextuality)
• translate EU texts (political, economic, legal, etc.) following the guidelines and strict standards set by the EU institutions
• resolve translation problems relating, inter alia, to terminology, phraseology and idiosyncracies of EU texts
• make effective use of the electronic resources and translation tools provided by the EU
• be competitive in the labor market by being aware of career opportunities in the EU institutions and bodies.

Week 1: Overview of the course. Introduction to politics, politicians and labels. 

Week 2: satire Metaphor and metonymy

• Analogy
• The Art of Spin
• Speeches and soundbites
• The power of three, contrastive pairs and use of pronouns
• Slogans and posters
• Manifestos
• Parliamentary speeches

Week 3: Using corpus analysis tools: Antconc, Voyant Tools. Translating political texts.

Week 4: Translating for the European Union, a historical overview and the policy of multilingualism (Europe in 12 Lessons). EU institutions, decision-making and decentralized agencies. Translating for the EU: Job opportunities, market requirements, EU competitions (EPSO).

Week 5: Lawmaking in the EU, multilingualism, linguistic equality, collective and non-native speaker drafting, textual hybridity. Analysis of legislative texts, lack of equivalence of legal concepts, hybridity of the EU legal system, autonomous legal concepts, terminology issues, neologisms and cultural-specific items. The illusion of equivalence.

Week 6: Translation of EU texts and the constrints imposed by the EU Institutions' drafting and translation style guides: Interinstitutional Style Guide, Greek Style Guide, Joint practical guide of the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission for persons involved in the drafting of legislation within the Community Institutions, Guide for External Translators. Use of Juremy for terminological research.

Week 7: Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), preliminary rulings, case law of the Court of Justice.

Week 8: Translation of recitals.

Week 9: Translation of a staff working document.

Week 10: Translation of persuasive texts, ideology and translation, propaganda, the art of persuasion.

Week 11: Translation of a press release and a WEB text.

Week 12: Machine translation in the EU: eTranslation and post-editing of machine translated output.

Week 13: Machine translation and eTranslation: practical application.

Politics

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Goatly, A. (1997) The Language of Metaphors. London: Routledge.

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Schaeffner, C.  and Bassnett, S. (eds) (2010). Political Discourse, Media and Translation. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

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http://www.benjamins.com/jbp/series/JLP/3-1/art/0006a.pdf

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EU Texts Translation

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Cao, Deborah (2007a) Translating law. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters Ltd.

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Correia, Renato (2003) “Translation of EU Legal Texts.” In Tosi (ed.). 38–44.

Craith, Máiréad Nic (2006) Europe and the Politics of Language. Citizens, Migrants and Outsiders. Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillian.

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Doczekalska, Agnieszka (2009) “Drafting and interpretation of EU law — paradoxes of legal multilingualism.” Formal Linguistics and Law. eds. Günther Grewendorf and Monika Rathert. Berlin: de Gruyter, 339–370.

Dollerup, Cay (2001) “Complexities of EU language work.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 9(4), 271–292.

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European Commission (2009) Translating for a Multilingual Community. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

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Felici, Annarita (2010) “Translating EU law: legal issues and multiple dynamics.” Perspectives: Studies in Translatology 18(2), 95–108.

Fischer, Márta (2010) “Language (policy), translation and terminology in the European Union.” Terminology in Everyday Life. eds. Marcel Thelen and Frieda Steurs. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 21–33.

Foley, Richard (2001) “Going out of style? Shall in EU legal English.” UCREL Technical Papers 13, 185–195.

Foley, Richard (2002) “Legislative Language in the EU: the Crucible.” International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 15, 361–374.

Gémar, Jean-Claude (2013) “Translating vs Co-Drafting Law in Multilingual Countries: Beyond the Canadian Odyssey.” Legal Translation in Context. Professional Issues and Prospects. eds. Anabel Borja Albi and Fernando Prieto Ramos. Oxford: Peter Land, 155–179.

General Secretariat of the Council of the EU (2010) Manual of Precedents for Acts Established Within the Council of the European Union. accessed 1 May 2011.

Gibová, Klaudia (2009) “EU Translation as the language of a Reunited Europe Reconsidered.” Language, Literature and Culture in a Changing Transatlantic World: International Conference Proceedings. eds. Milan Ferenčík and Juraj Horváth. Prešov: Prešovská Univerzita v Prešove, 145–153.

Glanert, Simone (2008) “Speaking Language to Law: The Case of Europe.” Legal Studies 28(2), 161–171.

Goffin, Roger (1994) “L’eurolecte: oui, jargon communautaire: non.” Meta: Translators’ Journal 39(4), 636–642.

Hartley, Trevor C. (1996) “Five forms of uncertainty in European Community Law.” Cambridge Law Journal 55(2), 265–288.

Heutger, Viola (2005) “Towards a Common European Legal Understanding.” London Law Review 1, 205–213.

Jacometti, Valentina (2012) “Literature Review on European Multilingualism.” European Review of Private Law 5/6, 1383–1388.

Jablonkai, Réka (2010) “English in the context of European integration: A corpus-driven analysis of lexical bundles in English EU documents.” English for Specific Purposes 29, 253–267.

Jopek-Bosiacka, Anna (2006) Przekład prawny i sądowy. Warsaw: PWN.

Jopek-Bosiacka, Anna (2010) Legal Communication: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Warsaw: Warsaw University Press.

Jopek-Bosiacka, Anna (2011) “Defining law terms: A cross-cultural perspective.” Research in Language 9(1), 9–29.

Kang, Ji-Hae (2011) “Institutional translation.” Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. eds. Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha. New York: Routledge, 141–145.

Kapko, Mirosława (2005) “Konsekwencje błędów w tłumaczeniu aktów prawa wspólnotowego na język polski.” Prawo i Podatki Unii Europejskiej 11, 2–8.

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Weisflog, W. E. (1987) ‘Problems of Legal Translation’.  In Swiss Reports presented at the XIIth  International Congress of Comparative Law.  Zürich: Schulthess, 179-218.

Wodak, Ruth and Gilbert Weiss (2005) “Analyzing European Union discourse. Theories and applications.” A New Agenda in (Critical) Discourse Analysis. eds. Ruth Wodak and Paul Chilton. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 121–135.

Language Aids including Glossaries

European Commission, Translation Resources, http://ec.europa.eu/translation/index_en.htm

Διοργανικό Εγχειρίδιο Σύνταξης Κειμένων, http://publications.europa.eu/code/el/el-4100000.htm

How to Write Clearly, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/translation/publications/brochures/clear_writing/how_to_write_clearly_el.pdf

IATE, http://iate.europa.eu 

eTranslation, https://cor.europa.eu/en/engage/Pages/e-translation.aspx

The lesson has a hybrid lecture-workshop format. It is largely based on the interaction with students and classroom discussion. Hands-on sessions focus on practical aspects of the issues covered and described during the lectures. Students have hands-on sessions translating official texts produced by the EU Institutions. The class material is made available on the Open eClass platform.

PPT presentations

The MT system e-Translation

The terminology tool Juremy

The corpus analysis tools AntConc and Voyant Tools

Open eClass platform.

A final written assignment and a written exam are used to assess the students. Students have a choice. They can choose a project consisting of a translation of an official EU text or political text and a commentary on the translation problems they encountered and the strategies they used to address them or a terminology project in collaboration with Termcoord, i.e. the Terminology Unit of the DG Trad of the European Parliament. They can also choose to carry out a research project in the fields of either politics and language or EU terminology and translation. They have to defend/present their work in class. In parallel with the final assessment, students are asked to complete short individual or group exercises or assignments on a weekly basis.