What is science? What is its method and logic as a theoretical activity and form of knowledge? How is it differentiated from other forms of seeing and acting and how is it related to them? What is its relation as a mode of seeing to reality and truth, and what is the "degree" of certainty it provides? What is its socio-political function? Is translation a science? Questions such as these, and other relevant ones, are posed and discussed in the context of a first introduction, on the one hand, to the methodology of scientific research and knowledge and, on the other hand, to its philosophical understanding and evaluation.